Turbomolecular pumps (TMPs) are kinetic vacuum pumps which operate using a very fast spinning rotor (usually rotating at between 24,000 and 90,000 RPM). Their typical operating pressures are in the high to ultra-high pressure range between 10-3 and 10-11 mbar, employing pumping speeds of between 10 and 4,000 l/s. They are widely used in scientific and industrial applications that require precise and clean vacuum environments, such as surface analysis, mass spectrometry, and vacuum deposition. They can operate continuously for long periods, making them ideal for many laboratory and manufacturing applications.